The Leaderless Organization

I think that some situations require a leader but that could or must be temporary. Leadership is a form of centralization and should be avoided when possible.

>>> “Not so fast. It just so happens that one of the world’s most successful orchestras, the Orpheus in New York City, has been operating without a conductor since 1972. They not only regularly play at top venues like Carnegie Hall and Lincoln Center, but have won multiple Grammy awards. Much like at Morning Star, the lunatics truly run the asylum.”

digitaltonto.com/2012/the-leaderless-organization/

Cosmic rays and computers

Cosmic-ray particles have a lot of influence over Earth matters. They affect computers and biological systems. They also affect the weather and even Earth’s crust in earthquakes and volcanos eruptions.

Some computers are protected by a chamber made of heavy lead to offer some protection from interferences.

>>> “Every second, 100,000 high-energy cosmic-ray particles from distant parts of the Galaxy hit each square metre of the the Earth’s atmosphere. Some of these energetic particles zap computer chips, leading to once-only glitches or ‘soft fails’. These events are not common, but neither are they rare: computer manufacturers are understandably worried about things that affect the reliability of their products.”

www.nature.com/news/1998/980730/full/news980730-7.html#:~:text=Next%20time%20your%20computer%20has,from%20outer%20space%20%2D%20cosmic%20rays.&text=Some%20of%20these%20energetic%20particles,glitche…